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Vol. 3 No. 10 (2025): International Research of Multidisciplinary Analysis

Copyright (c) 2025 Yuliwati, Ayu Endang Purwati

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Antenatal Visit Coverage (K1, K4, K6) and Its Association with Maternal Mortality Rates Across Provinces in Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.57254/irma.v3i10.92
Yuliwati Yuliwati
Universitas Salakanagara, Tangerang
Ayu Endang Purwati
STIKes Muhammadiyah Ciamis

Corresponding Author(s) : Yuliwati Yuliwati

yuliwati@unsaka.ac.id

International Research of Multidisciplinary Analysis, Vol. 3 No. 10 (2025): International Research of Multidisciplinary Analysis

Abstract

Background. Indonesia’s Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), based on the 2020 Long Form Population Census, is 189 per 100,000 live births, with a range across provinces from 48 (DKI Jakarta) to 565 (Papua). Antenatal visits (K1, K4, and, since 2021, K6) are the primary midwifery services for early detection of pregnancy risks.


Objective. To analyze the relationship between K1 and K4 coverage and MMR across provinces in Indonesia, and to contextualize the K6 standard within this framework.


Methods. A cross-sectional ecological study using downloadable secondary data: the 2020 Indonesia Health Profile (K1 and K4 coverage, number of maternal deaths, and live births in 34 provinces) and MMR data from the Long Form of the 2020 Population Census (SP2020) by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Relationships were tested using Spearman’s correlation.


Results. National coverage rates were 93.3% for K1 and 84.6% for K4. K4 coverage was negatively correlated with the MMR from the Long Form 2020 Population Census (rho = −0.57; p = 0.007; n = 21 provinces) and with facility-reported maternal mortality (rho = −0.41; p = 0.017; n = 34). Papua (K4 27.5%; MMR 565) and West Papua (K4 34.5%; MMR 343) ranked second-worst on both measures.


Conclusion. Provinces with lower antenatal care coverage tend to have higher MMRs. Strengthening the role of midwives to ensure pregnant women continue to attend visits from K1 through K4/K6, particularly in eastern Indonesia, should be a priority.

Keywords

antenatal care, K1, K4, K6, maternal mortality rate, midwives, provinces
Yuliwati, Y., & Purwati, A. E. . (2025). Antenatal Visit Coverage (K1, K4, K6) and Its Association with Maternal Mortality Rates Across Provinces in Indonesia. International Research of Multidisciplinary Analysis, 3(10), 1081–1091. https://doi.org/10.57254/irma.v3i10.92
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