International Research of Multidisciplinary Analysis

The Influence of Digital Leadership and Data Literacy on Managerial Effectiveness Through Work Motivation: A Study of Private Vocational School Principals in Jakarta

2026-06-18T17:29:41+00:00

The digital transformation of vocational education demands that school principals possess high levels of managerial effectiveness; however, the gap between expectations and reality remains a significant challenge. This study aims to examine the influence of digital leadership and data literacy on managerial effectiveness, both directly and indirectly, through work motivation. Employing a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design, the study involved 206 teachers from 19 private vocational high schools (SMK PGRI) in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results show that: (1) digital leadership has a positive and significant direct effect on managerial effectiveness (β = 0.291; p < 0.001); (2) data literacy has a positive and significant direct effect on managerial effectiveness (β = 0.174; p = 0.010); and (3) work motivation significantly mediates the effects of digital leadership (indirect effect = 0.065; p = 0.021) and data literacy (indirect effect = 0.036; p = 0.046) on managerial effectiveness. These findings confirm that enhancing managerial effectiveness is optimally achieved through simultaneously strengthening digital competencies and work motivation.

loT- Based Sensor Applications for Water Quality Monitoring in Intensive Aquaculture Systems

2026-05-26T05:30:27+00:00

Intensive aquaculture requires strict water quality monitoring because fluctuations in parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia can cause stress and even mass mortality among farmed organisms. Accurate and timely monitoring is a critical operational requirement to ensure the sustainability and profitability of intensive aquaculture operations in meeting global demand for animal protein.

This study aims to design, develop, and test a comprehensive, cost-effective IoT sensor system for real-time water quality monitoring in intensive aquaculture ponds. By integrating multi-parameter sensors into a platform connected to an automated aeration system, the system sends early warnings and action recommendations to farmers via a mobile app in areas with limited connectivity.

The methodology employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a systematic, explicit, and reproducible approach to identify, evaluate, and synthesize relevant empirical evidence from the scientific literature. The SLR produces a comprehensive and objective synthesis of research findings, minimizes bias, and provides an evidence-based foundation for decision-making, following a structured protocol for the critical evaluation of study quality and relevance.

The discussion covers four categories: the basic implementation of an IoT system monitoring key parameters provides real-time data and early warnings to boost productivity at low cost—a game-changer that minimizes risks and reliance on manual labor; connectivity innovations using LoRa technology transmit sensor data without adequate WiFi or cellular infrastructure, eliminating adoption barriers for small-to-medium-scale farmers; commodity-specific parameter expansion using TDS and turbidity sensors achieving high accuracy with an error rate <0.5% for sensitive aquaculture such as shrimp farming; system integration and automated response demonstrating the integration of sensors with automatic feed-dispensing actuators to create a responsive and autonomous closed-loop system.

This study concludes that IoT systems monitoring fundamental parameters such as temperature, pH, and DO are viable and provide significant benefits in the form of increased productivity through proactive management. LoRa technology successfully overcomes connectivity challenges in remote areas, expanding the scope of IoT applications. Monitoring specific parameters with high accuracy is key to cultivating sensitive commodities. The future of precision aquaculture lies in the integration of IoT monitoring with automated control to create a responsive and autonomous cultivation environment

The Transformation of the State’s Role in Child Protection in Indonesia

2026-06-18T17:29:48+00:00

The state’s role in child protection in Indonesia has undergone a fundamental shift over time. Initially, the Indonesian state played only a minimal role, adopting a charitable or philanthropic approach. However, over time—and driven by various pressures from international law as well as domestic needs—the state became the primary guarantor of the fulfillment and protection of children’s rights. This transformation did not occur suddenly but rather through a series of ratifications of international conventions, constitutional amendments, and the establishment of various laws and child protection institutions. This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the evolution of child protection law and policy in Indonesia, as well as a theoretical reconstruction of the state’s responsibilities. Additionally, this article examines the implementation of institutional structures and the decentralization of services. The method used is a literature review employing a normative qualitative approach. The findings indicate that although various national indicators—such as the child protection index—continue to improve and public awareness regarding the reporting of violence cases is also increasing, there remain several serious structural barriers. These obstacles include a shortage of professional human resources at the regional level, weak inter-sectoral coordination, and a legal vacuum regarding the criminal liability of parents who neglect their duty to supervise their children. This article recommends strengthening regional capacity by recruiting experts, reforming juvenile criminal law by applying the theory of dual liability, integrating the national information system, and fostering sustainable cross-sectoral collaboration

Government Communication and Public Participation in the Policy-Making Process in Indonesia: The Role of Constitutional Dialogue in Strengthening Democratic Legitimacy and Policy Accountability

2026-06-14T19:32:33+00:00

Objective: This study aims to analyze the role of government communication and public participation in the policy-making process in Indonesia, with a focus on the contribution of constitutional dialogue to strengthening democratic legitimacy and policy accountability. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design, involving an in-depth analysis of policy documents, government digital communication platforms, and relevant academic literature. Data were analyzed thematically to identify communication patterns, participation mechanisms, and practices of constitutional dialogue. Results: Findings indicate that while there has been a significant increase in transparency and the use of digital technology for public participation, its implementation remains procedural in nature and is not yet fully deliberative. Public participation is often dominated by groups with better digital access, creating inequities in the deliberative process. Constitutional dialogue, although present in some policy initiatives, has not been strongly institutionalized and often does not result in substantive change. Conclusion: This study concludes that constitutional dialogue offers a potential normative framework for bridging the gap between government communication and public participation, but requires institutional strengthening and governance reforms to enhance democratic legitimacy and policy accountability in Indonesia effectively

UTILIZING TANGERANG AS A TRANSIT CITY THROUGH THE “TANGERANG CITY TOUR” TOURISM PACKAGE TO BOOST THE LOCAL ECONOMY

2025-01-20T04:30:14+00:00

This study aims to explore the potential of Tangerang City as a transit destination through the “Tangerang City Tour” package and its impact on improving the local economy. The research method employed is a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The analysis results indicate that Tangerang City has significant potential to be developed as a transit tourism destination, thanks to its strategic location and the diversity of attractions it offers. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient promotion, and limited community capacity within the tourism industry must be addressed. Proposed recommendations include infrastructure development, more effective marketing strategies, and training for local businesses. With these steps, it is hoped that Tangerang City can enhance its tourism appeal and make a significant contribution to the local economy. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of more sustainable tourism policies in Tangerang City